Response to the Story “Beauty: When the Other Dancer Is the Self”

â€Å"Beauty: When the Other Dancer is the Self† written by Alice Walker, is a gentle and easy to understand story. It is not that the story is a boring and no highlight. When reading the book, it’s like I am hearing my friend’s story. Alice’s emotion changed totally different before and after the â€Å"accident†. Before the accident, she described herself as if she was the most beautiful and intelligent girl in the world. When Alice was only two and a half years old, when her father was chosen which kids to take with him to the fair, she knew that it would definitely be her, because she was the â€Å"prettiest†.When she six years old, she learned by heart the longest Easter speech. In her beautiful dress, Alice rose to give a speech in a â€Å"great wave of love and pride and expectation†. People praised her to be the cutest things and she was proud about that. The way Alice described herself and how other people applauded and admired her show a very confident and sometime a bit of haughty in her. Two years later, Alice was an eight years old tomboy. Like almost other kids, she was trying to follow whatever her older brothers do. But because she is a girl, so instead of getting a gun, she could only play with her bow and arrow.This is the turning point of the story, when the â€Å"accident† happed and completely changed Alice’s life. She was shot in the eye by the BB gun of her brothers. The doctor said that Alice would likely to be blind, not only one but both eyes. She was terrified but what she care the most is not about whether she could see or not. It is her beautiful that she cared about. She scared how people would look at â€Å"the glop of whitish scar† on her eyes. She was no longer the prettiest and the cutest girl. For six years, Alice did not raise her head and stare at anyone.The scare took everything from her: her beauty, her pride and her person from inside. Alice asked her mo ther and sister whether she changed. What does she really mean by the word â€Å"change†? Her beauty or her personality? The answer was â€Å"no† but this was because Alice’s mother and sister did not want to hurt her or because they really thought that she had never changed? What they saw in her is her personality not her appearance. However, Alice at that time was only a little girl. I do not expect she will care or think deeper about things and people around her.The eight years old girl only cared that people would never admire or applauded her again. To the little Alice, beauty was too important. She hated her eyes, she abused it every night and she â€Å"praised for beauty†. Six years later, Alice was lucky enough to find a good doctor and got her glop removed. This event, on more time, change her life or in another word, her attitude toward life. Alice moved from a closed person who only saw the world with black color into a positive and active pers on. She won the boyfriend of her dream, made plenty of friends and got extremely good result in study.The appearance was no longer important to Alice. She talked about her beautiful classmate with a sarcastic voice â€Å"Ironically, the girl who was voted the most beautiful in our class (and was) was later shot twice through the chest by a male companion, using a â€Å"real† gun, while she was pregnant† Nineteen years later since the â€Å"accident†, Alice was no more a little girl; she had a little daughter named Rebecca. Still, deep inside her, the scare that her different eyes would make her little baby felt ashamed and she prepared herself for that.But no, Rebecca did not scare of her mom. Instead, the baby saw a whole world in that eye. She saw her mother eye as the most wonderful thing on earth. This totally pulled Alice out of the past. She was no more afraid of her difference. She understand that the most cherish thing of a person is not the out-side app earance but it is the beautiful personal inside. Again, Alice saw herself as a beautiful, whole and free person. The story ended with a happy ending that Alice finally found herself and gained back her confident.However, I question myself that what if, Alice was never found such a good doctor, and the scare would never be removed. Will she change? Will she realizes that the inner personality is the most important? Apparently from the story that Alice only changed when she got some part of her beauty back. Maybe because at that time she was just a small girl who did not understand much about life and what is the true value of it. If the scar still there, maybe she would change someday when she grew up and maybe she would never change.

Advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research Essay

This essay will initially present the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research and briefly quantitative research. It will then go on to critique a qualitative research article yet due to the word count only several factors of this will be critiqued and the article is by Wills’ et al (2005). Later it will consider the use of the research paper within the clinical practice area; and discuss whether the results are beneficial to the nursing profession. The implications for care delivery will be addressed and finally a conclusion will be given which will include recommendations for future practice through research. There are two forms of research methods and these are qualitative and quantitative; there are many advantages and disadvantages for using them to gather information; yet depending on the answer to be found this determines the research approach used. Some advantages of using qualitative research are that it can provide an in-depth understanding of behaviour, a description of people’s opinions and it can explore feelings, all of these are through communicating and observing (Parahoo, 2006). Qualitative research is flexible and quantitative research is selected or constructed prior to the datum being gathered (Parahoo, 2006). Disadvantages of qualitative research are they are costly and time consuming. The approach used in this research was a grounded theory which is Qualitative research (QR) is the method of inquiry that seeks to understand social phenomena within the context of the participants’ perspectives and experiences. The research methods of QR are more flexible, responsive, and open to contextual interpretation than in quantitative research, which uses inventory, questionnaire, or numerical data to draw conclusion (Merriam, †¦.). In order to critique this article a number of the research factors will be addressed, the first being the credibility of the authors. The article does not state the job descriptions of the researchers however it does state  where they work within Universities that conduct research. With their job description not being mentioned it is possible that the researchers are not qualified to conduct research or if they are it is unknown how they where trained and Polit & Beck (†¦.) suggest that researchers should have adequate training in order to conduct reliable research. The title of the research study says that is about young peoples perceptions of their own bodies and that of others and it states that it is a qualitative study however through the study it talks about children from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas and this should have been mentioned in the title as it is a huge part of their findings that more overweight children live inside these areas. Sampling of where obese children live was obtained from a reputable source†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. A small sample size was used which is considered necessary for a qualitative approach, and it also contained the same amount of boys as girls which would of give the research overall richer data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The collection of data is essential as this is where †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ In the initial questionnaire given to the children they were asked various questions about their sociodemographic information; one of which was how do they perceive their body to be too fat, too thin or about right. Further on into the information about the data collection the research states that when the children were interviewed the interviewer did not use value-laden words which they say for example are fat and big. This contradicts what was originally stated in the data collection as the word fat was in the initial screening questionnaire. It may have introduced the children to that term although maybe not intentionally. This can be seen as a bias to how the research information was found. Height and weight measurements were also taken to establish a Body Mass Index (BMI) for the children and a small minority of girls chose not to take part as they were anxious about being weighed in school (Wills et al, 2005), it  does not however say if the anxieties expressed by the girls were addressed and intervention for it given. The interviews were conducted by the author and this can be seen as making it more reliable as there would be no confusion as to misinterpretation from another interviewer. All interviews were tape recorded which is useful for the interviewer to analyse the data, however notes where not taken and if the tape recorder was lost or broken then there would be no information gained from that interview. Questions that deal with in-depth descriptions are best conducted from a flexible design and unstructured method of data collection (Polit & Hungler). A non-directive method was used for the interviews which enabled new perspectives to emerge for example bullying and exercise and Parahoo (2006) strengthens this by saying that conducting qualitative research can allow participants to put responses into context and this will emerge with new data and it is called holistic exploration. Through new perspectives emerging it can give suggestions for future research topics based around obesity and this is an advantage to this research. Data Analysis It is not possible to know the researchers body weights and it may be considered that could their weight have affected the children’s comments. If a quantitative research method was used then it may have been able to answer the question of why are these children overweight. Pseudonym names were given as to protect the identity of the children and decontextualised data was conducted to ensure individuals could not be identified†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. During the initial weighing of the children some girls experienced anxiety and there was no reporting of any intervention or follow up care for the girls†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ However what was extremely useful about the research was†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This article could be valuable in changing practice as it has enabled a start point for further research to be conducted; this is relevant as the United Kingdom’s populations are becoming more overweight and this can have serious health implications. Consent was given from the children and also obtained from their parents which is essential when research is being conducted on children. There are two types of consent and they are informed consent and consent†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Conclusion and recommendations for future practice It can be said that both quantitative and qualitative research have both advantages and disadvantages however this is only determined by people criticising the work of others.

Promote child and young person Development Essay

Children and young people need an environment which is most likely to promote effective and confident child development where they can experience and environment of mutual respect and trust and open communication. We as practitioners need to reflect on our own practice where we can evaluate the contribution we have made to the support of child development and find ways that we can improve our practice. When reflecting on our practice we need to look at the ways in which we communicate with the children and young people such as varying with different methods of communications through a range of activities referring the stages of their development. We do this in our setting by looking at the plans and linking the activity to the EYFS and looking closely to new vocabulary and proposed learning outcomes that we will focus on whilst doing the activity. Good practice would be to evaluate the activity after the week and then look back at what you did or didn’t do such as explain new shapes and positional language in a physical activity. In our setting we will always ask each other, as colleagues, to see if they would like to input anything and just for a little reassurance that you are doing something the correct way and beneficial for the children. Bad practice would be to not allow the children to be experimental with the activity and for the activity to be purely adult led, this would not allow the children’s development to grow and progress. We will try to avoid situations in which children receive adult attention only in return for undesirable behaviour. Children crave attention whether it is positive or negative. If we give them this they may not feel the need to behave badly. We make sure that bad behaviour is not taken away from the rest of the group and that no one is singled out for their attention. We set these clear behaviour boundaries and rules so that the setting is able to run effectively with all the team members working towards the same aim. The children will also feel more secure and confident if they know what is expected of them, what is or isn’t acceptable. Being positive role models will help the children look up to us for guidance and to also copy the behaviour they witness therefore it is of great importance that we promote good behaviour by being polite, friendly, kind etc. How we treat unacceptable behaviour Physical punishment such as smacking or shaking will be neither used nor threatened within our setting. This is highly inappropriate and of course illegal and it could also be extremely frightening for children. Children will never be sent out of the room on their own as this would be very upsetting for the child and potentially very dangerous as anything could happen to them. They must be accompanied with an adult at all times. Techniques intended to single out and humiliate individuals will not be used. This will also be very upsetting for the child and very humiliating for them, so we at Priory Pre-school have a ‘’thinking chair’’ in place. This is for the children to think about their bad behaviour. Once they have had time to think, we will talk to them and make them understand what they have done was not nice and could have potentially hurt another child. We will always let them express themselves and the teacher will always listen to the child to allow them to explain why they did the bad behaviour. This will allow the teacher to find out more information about the incident. If a serious behavioural incident would occur such as racial or abuse, the behaviour will be made clear immediately by explanations from the children and not by blaming anyone. It is very important to make sure that the behaviour they are doing is not welcome at the pre-school and not the child themselves. It is important to quickly move on from the bad behaviour once dealt with and then concentrate on the child’s good behaviour. Adults will not raise their voices in a threatening manner as this would be frightening to the child. Talking and explaining to a child will be much more beneficial. We make sure that cultural expectations are regarded in the pre-school and to make sure that their wishes are met as it would be inappropriate for us to go against th em. We remember that all of the children at our pre-school are different and will react differently to being told off for their misbehaviour. Re-occurring behaviour problems will be tackled by the whole pre-school and the child’s parents using objective observation records to try to understand the cause of the situation. It is important to record observations to gain a larger picture of why the behaviour is occurring and the records could show numerous reasons and could possibly show a pattern of behaviour. We will  always keep the child’s parents informed about how we are managing it and the progress of the child. It helps to let the parent know as the parent can continue the same practices as what we at the pre-school will use. A multi-agency approach is the best way of ensuring that all of the child or young person’s developmental needs are met. Using multi agencies, such as community centres, institutions and services is very important when working with childre n and young people as it is an effective way of supporting the children, young people and their families and parents and carers with additional needs and helps to secure an improved outcome. For example, in our setting we have an educational psychiatrist who comes in and visits every term to help go through the Individual Education Plan (IEP) for two children to review the current plan and set new targets to improve their learning, these are specifically for children with special educational needs (SENCO). By visiting these agencies and working closely with professionals like this, it can support the early intervention process for children and young people to prevent problems occurring in the first place, or resolve present problems which in term will reduce the amount of referrals being made. By working with agencies, it will allow practitioners to work in an inclusive way by looking closely at the need of every child and young person and making sure they are valued and supported to ensure active participation in all areas of the curriculum. In our local community we use a few local agencies such as Houghton Regis Community Centre and Downside Community Centre who allow parents to visit them for meetings for extra help on how to promote good child development and general care taking for their children.

Correctional Treatment

The United States correctional system supervises over six million convicted offenders in rehabilitation programs a day. There are approximately two million in jail who receive rehabilitation treatment and four million are on parole or probation. With so many people under its control, a central policy issue is what the correctional system hopes to accomplish with those it places behind bars or on community supervision. A simple response might be that the purpose of these correctional sanctions is to â€Å"punish† the criminally wayward. Since the inception of the American penitentiary in the 1820s, however, corrections has embraced as an important goal the transformation of law breakers into the law-abiding—that is, â€Å"rehabilitation† or â€Å"treatment. † While probation and parole are both considered community corrections and involve supervision in the community, they differ in other respects. Probation is a sentencing option available to local judges. Convicted offenders are released by the court to serve a sentence under court-imposed conditions for a specified period. It is considered an alternative to incarceration. In most cases the entire probation sentence is served under supervision in the community. The court retains the authority to supervise, modify conditions, cancel probation and resentence if the probationer violates the terms of probation. The responsible agency for overseeing probation can be either state or local. There are currently more than two thousand separate probation agencies in the United States. There are many types of programs offered to offenders which fit their type of crime. Some of these programs are designed for substance abusers, sex offenders, those whose requires educational counseling, and also programs that teach life skills. Substance abuse rehabilitation happens when the offender undergoes counseling for a dependence on a physically addictive substance, such as drugs or alcohol. Usually, rehabilitation is assigned to those offenders convicted of crimes related to drug abuse or who have admitted to drugs playing a factor into crimes they’ve committed. This treatment involves several forms of therapy such as the commonly know 12-step programs. Also, successful completion of the substance abuse rehabilitation program to be a requirement of parole or probation. Those convicted of sex offenses including rape and child molestation, will undergo special rehabilitation designed to improve the chances that they will not commit another sexual crime. These programs also take different forms, most are specifically for the offense committed. An example would be for those convicted of child molestation, they may undergo counseling designed to help them control urges or change their thought process. For rapists, rehabilitation may involve anger management classes, relationship counseling, or therapy in which they work out their frustrations towards women. Inmates and recently released ex-offenders receive basic education and necessary skills to obtain a job. This type of treatment is classified as educational counseling. The most basic of these programs focus on teaching elementary math and reading skills. More advanced programs help offenders prepare for vocational tests as well as job trades. In addition life skills are taught to inmates in order to become a functioning member of society, such as making a budget or preparing a resume. With learning these simple tasks and learning how to manage finances offenders may possibly not commit crimes involving money. Correctional Treatment The United States correctional system supervises over six million convicted offenders in rehabilitation programs a day. There are approximately two million in jail who receive rehabilitation treatment and four million are on parole or probation. With so many people under its control, a central policy issue is what the correctional system hopes to accomplish with those it places behind bars or on community supervision. A simple response might be that the purpose of these correctional sanctions is to â€Å"punish† the criminally wayward. Since the inception of the American penitentiary in the 1820s, however, corrections has embraced as an important goal the transformation of law breakers into the law-abiding—that is, â€Å"rehabilitation† or â€Å"treatment. † While probation and parole are both considered community corrections and involve supervision in the community, they differ in other respects. Probation is a sentencing option available to local judges. Convicted offenders are released by the court to serve a sentence under court-imposed conditions for a specified period. It is considered an alternative to incarceration. In most cases the entire probation sentence is served under supervision in the community. The court retains the authority to supervise, modify conditions, cancel probation and resentence if the probationer violates the terms of probation. The responsible agency for overseeing probation can be either state or local. There are currently more than two thousand separate probation agencies in the United States. There are many types of programs offered to offenders which fit their type of crime. Some of these programs are designed for substance abusers, sex offenders, those whose requires educational counseling, and also programs that teach life skills. Substance abuse rehabilitation happens when the offender undergoes counseling for a dependence on a physically addictive substance, such as drugs or alcohol. Usually, rehabilitation is assigned to those offenders convicted of crimes related to drug abuse or who have admitted to drugs playing a factor into crimes they’ve committed. This treatment involves several forms of therapy such as the commonly know 12-step programs. Also, successful completion of the substance abuse rehabilitation program to be a requirement of parole or probation. Those convicted of sex offenses including rape and child molestation, will undergo special rehabilitation designed to improve the chances that they will not commit another sexual crime. These programs also take different forms, most are specifically for the offense committed. An example would be for those convicted of child molestation, they may undergo counseling designed to help them control urges or change their thought process. For rapists, rehabilitation may involve anger management classes, relationship counseling, or therapy in which they work out their frustrations towards women. Inmates and recently released ex-offenders receive basic education and necessary skills to obtain a job. This type of treatment is classified as educational counseling. The most basic of these programs focus on teaching elementary math and reading skills. More advanced programs help offenders prepare for vocational tests as well as job trades. In addition life skills are taught to inmates in order to become a functioning member of society, such as making a budget or preparing a resume. With learning these simple tasks and learning how to manage finances offenders may possibly not commit crimes involving money.

How to Reduce Accident on Our Road?

Time to time, half a million of Malaysians died because of road accidents. Malaysia is the country that has the highest accident rate in the world. The rise in the number of road accidents is indeed worrying. Even the road safety campaigns aimed at reducing road accidents have met with little success. Only when there is a change in the mindsets of road users can we expect a decrease in the number of road accidents. Even though we cannot prevent the accidents from happening totally but we can help to reduce the many accidents to its minimum stage by taking the following several steps and ideas are suggested. The first and foremost, every driver should be advised to take good care of their vehicle. We have to make sure that our vehicles are in good running condition and rectify them at the earliest before travelling. It’s better to be shocked and to realize something was wrong while we were in the garage, rather than realizing the same while we were driving. If we are not sure with our own auto-mobile engineering skills, we should check our vehicle problem by using the help of mechanic. We should service our vehicle regularly as recommended by the manufacturer. So, we can drive our vehicles and arrived to our destination safely. Secondly, every driver should do not speed while driving their vehicles. This is the main reason that contributes to the road accident happen in Malaysia. The government should introduce deterrence to reduce the accident on our road. For instance, the government can install speed cameras in the accident-prone place. This will help authorities to identify and take legal action to the driver that do not follow the speed limit. Besides that, every driver should obey road sign and traffic rules. Every legal that have been made are for our own safety. On the other words, we have to follow the rules and we should try our best to prevent accident to happen frequently. In addition, we can reduce accidents on the road by introducing heavy penalties for traffic offenses. Authorities can increase the summonses for the drivers that break the rules. Every offender is compulsory to pay the summons. If they cannot make a payment, they will send to the prisons. This will prevent people to do not make the offense for the second time because of fear with punishment that have been made. Moreover, an individual’s penalty can be considered a mirror at which other people can look and try not to do the same thing. This method will help to minimize the accident from happening. Furthermore, we can take action to control this problem by educating the public on road safety. The government or NGO should educate people through a campaign or advertisement on television or radio. The public should be exposed to the way safety while driving a vehicle on the road. The government can implement campaigns to instil awareness to all Malaysians. In addition, the younger generation should be exposed to the rules of the road in Malaysia. So they can follow the legal and reduce the accident that happens on our road. As a conclusion, the road users must implement their obligations. So, they can guarantee their safety. Accordingly, all parties need to work together to mobilize energy to overcome this problem completely. Collective efforts that I suggest should be implemented immediately. If the above measures supported by the people of Malaysia, I'm sure the amount of road accidents in Malaysia can be reduced effectively.

Design Patterns - Behavioral, Creational, Structural Research Paper

Design Patterns - Behavioral, Creational, Structural - Research Paper Example There are several classifications of design patterns - this essay focus on three designs, including memento for behavioral patterns, singleton for creational patterns and lastly facade for structural patterns. Memento Pattern This is a software design pattern that has the capability of bringing back an object to its initial state. As a pattern, it allows the initial state of an object to be restored without interfering with the rules of encapsulation. This means that the arising object can be designed appropriately, though it can be restored to its original state. Therefore, memento pattern has the ability of restoring the internal state of an object without breaking the encapsulation rules. As a behavioral pattern, Memento indicates the manner through which communication between entities or classes is achieved (Schmidt, 1997). Basically, the design pattern is popular in applications with â€Å"undo’ functionality. Memento pattern has two participants: the caretaker and the o riginator. The originator restores memento to its internal state while the caretaker guarantees memento safekeeping. According to Gamma et al. (1995), memento does not allow access to other objects other than originator. It has two interfaces, including narrow and wide interface. Caretakers only find the narrow interface and pass memento to other objects while the originator finds the wider interface through which it allows access to data that enabling restoration of the initial state. Benefits and drawbacks Memento pattern has chain of responsibilities that offers great flexibility especially when processing an application. In this case, it manages complex events by dividing the responsibilities into simpler elements that allows a set of classes to behave as a whole. However, the flexibility of this pattern is hard to develop, debug and test. This is because the chain becomes extremely complex. In addition, failure to plan for varied forwarding possibilities could result to message s that lack a handler, hence failing to attract any response. Singleton pattern Singleton is a creation design pattern that ensures only one object of a given class is created. It has only one class that is accessible by clients from identifiable access points. The single class must be extensible and the clients should easily use extended instances without alteration to their codes. Therefore, this pattern is particularly useful when a single object is needed to manage actions across a system. Singleton ensures efficiency when creating numerous identical objects and it uses a particular algorithm that requires a single point of control to interact with a resource that cannot be shared. Benefits and drawbacks The singleton pattern exerts control over the instantiation process and therefore this class has the flexibility to change the instantiation process. In addition, singleton pattern ensures that every object accesses the singleton object and preventing other objects from instanti ating their own copies. However, weaknesses associated with singleton pattern includes introduction a global state into the program. It allows uncontrolled access to the program hence being one of the most used patterns. In this regard, programs that are heavily used are difficult to test. This is because it is not possible to test it without testing other

Todays selection processes are impartial, rational and effective. To Essay - 1

Todays selection processes are impartial, rational and effective. To what extent is this statement a myth - Essay Example In this paper, the focus will be on the selection processes of present times and whether or not these have turned out to be effective, rational and impartial with the passage of time. It will be taken care of by providing a balanced perspective – one that is in line with the thinking ideologies of the people who matter the most. One shall believe that selection processes of late have turned out to be a myth more than anything else. This is because they are usually filled with people who are either someone’s relatives or close friends. There seems to be little impartiality attached with the notion of selection and recruitment as should be the case in the perfect scenario. The selection processes usually require a great deal of input from the human resources management department and without its due role within the thick of things, the different processes can go haphazard. This is a reality that has dawned upon different organizations as far as their selection processes are concerned. It would be correct to state that selection processes are usually marred with issues which are unethical in nature as well (Smith & Robertson 1993). What this means is the fact that these selection regimes have been unable to understand how different nuances of hiring the right people are followed and thus made a benchmar k in their own right. There are problems which must be resolved in an amicable manner so that the newly hired employees have a better feel of how things will shape up in the times to come (Laser 1994). What is most important here is to realize that the selection processes should be fair in their existence and give each and every candidate a chance to prove his mettle. If this does not come about in a proper manner, there could be issues which could mar the very basis of the selection that is being done under the aegis of an organization. It is necessary to ascertain the exact basis of success within the selection processes because these would speak

Stabilization Wedges Game Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Stabilization Wedges Game - Assignment Example The predicted impacts may also include the loss of the West Atlantic Ice expanse and the possibility of the unbounded increase in the incidence of category-five hurricanes. The effect of injecting carbon dioxide and other gases into the earth’s atmosphere – results in changes in the climate. This takes place, through the effect of sunlight passed onto the earth’s atmosphere, which results to the warming of the planet – as these gases hinder the transmission of the accumulated heat into outer space. This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect, which results, most times, from the burning of fossil fuels – which are mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen. As a result, the consequence is the injection of more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. As the situation is, the Earth’s atmosphere contains an approximate amount of 800 billion tons of Carbon in the form of Carbon dioxide. From the burning of fossil fuels, the carbon dioxide produced inj ects an extra 7 billion tons of Carbon into the universe every year. The accumulated carbon dioxide is removed from the universe through two main ways, these including that taken up by growing forests and that which is dissolved into the surface of the ocean. Unfortunately, these two channels are only, able to remove half the Carbon emitted into the atmosphere leaving the other half accumulating at an approximated rate of 4 billion tons every year. This, typically, means that the accumulated amount of carbon in the universe is increasing year after year (Socolow, Stephen & Jeffery 10). The injection of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere started at the onset of the industrial revolution. This can be proved from the figures – indicating that before the onset of the industrial revolution, the atmosphere contained approximately, 600 billion tons of carbon, which are 200 billion tons less than the presently accumulated amount.  Ã‚  

Conception of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conception of Justice - Essay Example According to his theory He believes that equal rights should not be given to all the people and free market is not at all acceptable for kristol as it will raise the tide. So he believes in unequal distribution of benefits in the society. In order to justify his theory he further says that the in equality should benefit every one to some extent mainly the less advantaged. I believe and agree with kristol's theory. All the human beings should be given equal rights and it should be left on their fate that it will float their boat or will sink it. This will be un kind if we fulfill needs of one person and ignore other. Every body who is entering in the market will obviously try to compete and in doing so healthy competition will be there in the market and will result in better quality and quantity of work. The free market will not increase rush in market but will increase the number of competitors to get better and much better results. The principle of difference presented by Rawl doesn't seem much attractive and impressive. Free market is the right of every retailer or investor and it is upon them that how they manage to get hold of right strategies and manage to survive or rule the society. Other wise it would be like that you are afraid of your competitors and that's why you don't allow them to enter into the market or you don't want free market because you are afraid of being over come by some other party. In other words you don't want any race track as you are afraid of race - this, in essence, is not, and cannot be, a rule of the game. The actual rule of the game is to let come who ever want to with a spirit that if you are the best no one could let you down. So in my vote goes for kristol. 2. The Ciulla reading (on the course reserve, on the syllabus for June 2nd) directly addresses one of Ian Maitland's claims. Evaluate Ciulla's response (this requires stating the relevant claim from Maitland). Whose side do you take--in answering this last question, you should give reasons for the side you take, and those reasons should appeal to Maitland's or Ciulla's arguments, and you should acknowledge possible counter-arguments. Does your decision affect your actions as a consumer/economic agent (450 words) Word count:345 Ethical issues are always present in the business no matter what kind of business it is. Modern work is a subject of debate for many writers and all of them have different point of view and arguments about same subject. While defending business of sweat shops Maitland says that on the whole, they are better for the world's poor than the available alternatives. For him sweat shops are good for third world workers. He believes that a worker from third world country can get respect because of this business in any country as it is respectable. Where as Ciulla believes that there is no easy solution to make any work meaning full and that there is also no easy way out for balancing the demands of work and life. I personally agree with Ciulla because it is not necessary that if you open a sweat shop it will be successful for sure or there is no guarantee that being a

Tree Farming vs Agricultural Farming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tree Farming vs Agricultural Farming - Essay Example Agricultural farmers are employees rather than private land owners and this farming involves cultivation of food crops, cash crops as well as farming of animals for food and milk. Agricultural farms tend to grow a variety of crops on the same land and large harvestings take place over a small period. Whereas tree farming is a long process, where it takes about twenty to twenty five years for a sapling to grow into a big tree and only one type of tree is planted across the whole plantation. The two terms however are not to be intermixed as they both share some similarities and differences. (Agriculture) Agricultural farming demands a lot of attention from the farmers. They have to keep a constant check on the quality of the yield as well as the health of the animals. Trees, on the other hand do not require rigorous cultivation, but like agricultural farming there are certain practices that need to be followed in order to keep the growth and the quality of the trees to the best level. The land of the plantation should be carefully monitored so that it is prevented from wildfire, overgrazing and the trees should be kept free from diseases and insects.

Do Consumers Really Make Rational Decisions Essay

Do Consumers Really Make Rational Decisions - Essay Example To be able to answer the question regarding the rationality of the choices made by the consumers, it is important to explore the issues related to the decision-making process of the consumers. There are different internal and external factors that can affect the choices of the consumers. The internal factors of a consumer include factors in his or her psychological core such as motivation, ability, and opportunity; exposure, attention, and perception; knowledge and understanding; attitude formation and change, memory and retrieval. These factors comprise the core values of a consumer which can affect the decisions that he or she makes. In addition to these factors, the external aspects or the consumer’s culture also contributes to the choices made. The external parameters are composed of the consumer diversity, the social class and household influences, the psychographics or the values, personality, and lifestyles, and the social influences. Through the interaction of the internal and external factors, the decision-making process can be completed.... The problem can be equated to the need of a consumer which can only be answered by a particular product or service. This need also dictates the possible outcome of the decision-making process. The needs of a consumer can be defined by the necessities of the daily existence (Mullen and Johnson, 1990, p. 91). One paradigm that presents the basis of a consumer’s needs is the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which defines the consumer behavior as an effect of the human needs. The said needs then are considered as â€Å"underlying factor of consumption† which are classified into physiological and psychological needs. Physiological needs are for survival thus considered basic and found at the lowest level of hierarchy. This is followed by another physiological need which is the safety needs such as shelter and insurance. The next levels consecutively comprise the psychological needs such as belongingness and love needs; need for esteem; and self-actualization needs (Jansson -Boyd, 2009, p. 119). By tapping any of the said needs different companies and business can generate profits. Although this is one of the basic factors, the consumers’ needs are only considered as one of the many factors that contribute to the complicated web of interaction to come up with the client’s choice. Actual Process of Decision-Making It is important to consider that the said needs are the stimuli that can lead to the decision of the client to buy a particular product or avail a particular service offered. Once the need of the client had been recognized, it leads to the second level of the decision-making process which is deciding whether to buy a product or not. It is important to consider that the act

NUTRproject 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NUTRproject 3 - Assignment Example Make this personal (as opposed to simply providing a book answer). Will you experience the consequence(s) of this behavior anytime soon, or do you not truly see this as a threat to your well-being in the next 5 years? 2. Using your knowledge of nutrition, list 3 advantages of the target behavior you selected. Again, please don’t just provide a book answer. What might changing this behavior provide to you today as opposed to 10 years from now? Is that worth the perceived â€Å"sacrifice† of changing whatever it is you’re currently doing? Why or why not? I am in this stage: ___________ Preparation: Description of target behavior doesn’t match my current behavior patterns, but I am motivated and confident that I can change them to be more like it in the next 30 days. 7. Start to recognize any successes you have had in practicing this behavior, no matter how small. Look over the records you kept and/or assessments you completed. When were you successful in following the desired behavior even a little? Why do you think you were successful? The times when there was a lot of activities during the day, that I missed the time for doing the exercises. I consider that introducing breaks of 30 minutes between the activities to involved in brisk walking or any other indoor physical activity can be helpful in adopting my target behavior 9. Increasing your knowledge of the advantages of practicing this behavior and/or the disadvantages of failing to do so can help motivate you for change. Using what you have learned in class so far, and/or other resources as needed, write a paragraph describing how you will benefit from making your target behavior a part of your lifestyle. If you need help finding a resource to help you, contact your instructor. Making the target behavior part of my lifestyle will help me in reconciling with my body, thereby promoting maintenance of my body composition. Healthy body composition is

Juvenile Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juvenile Diabetes - Essay Example Diabetes is a disease. It affects both children and adults. The fundamental nature of the disease is that individuals have blood glucose levels which are higher than the normal range (Basics About Diabetes, np). We eat food, this food is converted into glucose, and our bodies use this glucose sugar for energy. The human pancreas is the organ which is responsible for making the hormone known as insulin. Insulin helps the glucose get into our cells. Diabetes is dangerous because it means that the body cannot produce enough of its own insulin or it cannot use the insulin produced sufficiently. Diabetes causes sugar to increase and build-up in the blood. The consequences can be severe, as noted by National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, "Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations. Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States" (Basics About Diabetes, np). The symptoms of juvenile diabetes, which is estimated to account for between 5% and 10% of all diabetes cases, are varied. The symptoms may include a frequent need to urinate, an excessive thirst, or an unexplained loss of weight. A person may also experience feelings of excessive hunger, numbness or tingling in the fingers and toes, or a sudden problem with vision. Other symptoms may involve dry skin, an increase in infections, or sores which are slow to heal. The onset of juvenile diabetes is often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and stomach pains. There are well-known risk factors for diabetes in adults, such as obesity and physical inactivity, but the risk factors for juvenile diabetes are "less well-defined" (Basics About Diabetes, np.) Risk factors are thought to be autoimmune, genetic, and environmental and these areas are the subject of continuing research. There are, fortunately, treatment methods for juvenile diabetes. The most basic methods include a healthy lifestyle accompanied by regular insulin injections. There should be a healthy diet and a regimen of physical activity. The insulin injections compensate for the inability of the pancreas to produce the requisite amount of insulin. These methods must be coordinated because the amount of insulin which must be injected correlates to the amount of food intake and the amount of physical activity. It is Dalton 1 important to note, however, that while there are rather well-established treatment methods there are no methods for prevention. Researchers continue to search for what they refer to as "environmental triggers" and "genetic triggers" in an effort to find some means for preventing the onset of diabetes in juveniles. There is some enthusiasm in the medical community about possible cures for diabetes in the future. Some of the theories and methods currently being researched and tested include pancreas transplants, the transplant of islet cells (these cells produce insulin), artificial forms of pancreas development, and forms of genetic manipulation where "fat or muscle cells that don't normally make insulin have a human insulin gene inserted - then these "pseudo" islet cells are transplanted into

The who, the what, the where research paper on Good to Great by Jim Essay

The who, the what, the where research paper on Good to Great by Jim Collins - Essay Example Involved in the conducted research were the 11 companies from the list of Fortune 500. These companies are Kimberly-Clark, Kroger, Nucor, Philip Morris, Piney Bowes, Walgreen, Wells Fargo, Abbott Laboratories, Circuit City, Fannie Mae and Gillette. To simplify the criteria of the companies' belongingness for such was through the survival of its stock prices in the past 15 years. It relies on the growth and their ability to cope of the changes of economic events. In the book, Collins cited various approaches based on different principles he, along with his team, gathered through their study for the dynamic retort of the business industry. Thus the given principles can answer further the queries that come alongside the main thesis. One is to answer the who and the what of the approach for acquisition of greatness of a company. Quoting Collins, he stated "the main point is to first get the right people on the bus (and the wrong people off the bus) before you figure out where to drive it. The second key point is the degree of sheer rigor needed in people decisions in order to take a company from good to great." It is suggestive that good companies absorb the right people to work for them. In critical conditions that a company is facing, Collins implies not to sell the best people but to sell the biggest problem. These best people he regarded should be the adaptive ones to be able to cope

The process of assessing of need and risk in a given case Essay

The process of assessing of need and risk in a given case - Essay Example Secondly, social workers must, with every chance they get, to teach society about the rights of diverse individuals to all members of the society, thus preventing or decreasing the chances of discrimination or oppression. Finally, social workers should address chances of unfair treatment being received by diverse individuals. The application of social work is a case-to-case basis, no plan of action can be applied to two different scenarios. Thus, to determine the plan of action in a specific case, the assessment of needs and risks should be done for every individual or institution in question. In this paper, I will discuss the case of a British geriatric couple, Jo and Vivian, who are anxious about the possibility of being sent to a nursing home because of their medical condition. Before visiting the couple, I will enumerate the needs and risks this couple has, and with this, I will give a list of pre-interview list of means to address the issues of Jo and Vivian.. NEEDS AND RISKS In this part of the report, the needs and risks of Jo and Vivian are discussed. ... In the case of Jo and Vivian, such difficulty initially started when Vivian had to resign to take care of Jo, who, in that time, was starting to feel the debilitating effects of arthritis. Making things worse, Vivian suffers from depression, and needs to undergo medication also. Without someone else to pay for their basic and additional needs, the lack of resources to pay for their special health care makes them susceptible to other risks, such as injury and complications Further health issues. Even without illnesses, geriatric individuals such as Jo, age 87, and Vivian, age 63, undergo physical changes that impair their ability to perform day-to-day activities, as many and as often as they could back in their younger days. As a person ages, he/she develops poor eyesight, hearing loss, weak balance, and painful walking. The risk of injuries resulting from these age-dependent physical limitations must be addressed accordingly. To address these health issues, they need someone to look after them on a regular basis, providing them their food, helping them take a bath and change clothes, giving them the right amount of medicines on the time it is needed, and ensuring the injury-free environment at home.. Unfortunately, Sam, the district nurse, and Chris, the good friend, are not enough to help the couple in their regular activities such as eating and taking a bath, simply because they are not with Jo and Vivian most of the time. Usually, a member of their nuclear family takes the responsibility of taking care of their elders, either by sending them in nursing homes or taking care of them in the comforts of their own home. But in this case, Jo and Vivian do not have

Time (Movie Review) Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time (Movie Review) - Thesis Example The conflict in the story begins when the woman decides to undergo plastic surgery to rekindle the waning intimacy of her relationship with her boyfriend. She instantly disappears without letting her boyfriend know and keeps her plan a secret. Her boyfriend, meanwhile, dates other women but maintains his love for his runaway girlfriend. After six months of recovering from plastic surgery, the woman resurfaces and falls in love again with his estranged boyfriend. The renewed relationship between the two is tested once more as questions of personal identity, love, and beauty emerge to the fore and devastate their once peaceful existence in time. A social commentary on plastic surgery, the film puts women as the main object of criticism in the story. Various models of women were embodied by the characters in the film. Aside from the low self-esteemed character who underwent plastic surgery, there were entertainers, a prostitute, and a confident woman who did not have identity problems. The film aims to provide a landscape of women in Korea. The landscape of these women in the film, in turn, becomes the stage on which the viewers would compare and contrast one woman character from another woman character to actual Korean women in the real world. In the film, their worth is neither measured by educational attainment nor by the ability to bear children and be good wives as possible; instead the measure of their worth depends on how well they sustain an attractive physical appearance, a beautiful face, and the ability to constantly look new, fresh, and desirable to men. â€Å"Aren’t you sick of the same body?†, as asked by one of the men in the film becomes a universal question that unconsciously haunts every Korean woman and their male partner. On a subtle level, the film seems to validate the patriarchal ideology in South Korea where men decide, in this case, what is beautiful and what is a possible candidate for a plastic surgery. But Korean women

Euthanasia in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Euthanasia in Australia - Essay Example Presently, in Queensland, the only two laws that deal with end of life are Advance Health Directive and the Power of Attorney Act 1998. In fact, both the laws are insufficient to seek the help of others for assistance. Compared to other states in Australia, Queensland has more restrictions on the use of Advance Health Directive, which result in hindering individual freedom to healthcare. While other states use Advance Health Directive to overcome the restrictive statutory regime, Queensland uses the statutory regime to restrict the freedom under Advance Health Directive. Thus, Queensland authorities are more orthodox about the sanctity of human life than other states are. However, the mere fact is that through the amendment to the Queensland Criminal Code 1899, the territory has unofficially allowed room for euthanasia. It becomes evident that the existing laws in Queensland show double standard. On the one hand, it stands totally against the right to end ones own life unlike other s tates in Australia. This is evident from the fact that it has imposed greater restrictions on Advance Health Directive. On the other hand, it introduced amendments to Criminal Code to help health practitioners escape prosecution by allowing palliative care to the extent of foreseeable death but not intended death. However, the mere fact is that these rules and regulations are not water-tight. In other words, there arise a lot of legal issues associated with the present day stance of the authorities in this regard. It becomes evident that the Criminal Code of 1899 as amended in 2003 gives room for euthanasia on one hand, and punishes the ones who help in the same on the other. The Advance Health Directive and statutory regime- a failed purpose Admittedly, the only purpose of Advance Health Directive (AHD) is to allow individuals to decide their future course of treatment if they are incapable of taking independent decisions in future. As Willmott (2007) points out, unlike other state s, Queensland has more rules and regulations regarding the applicability of AHD. The Power of Attorney Act (1998) (QLD) declares that in order to proceed with the AHD to remove life-sustaining measures; one of the four conditions should be met: the patient has a terminal illness from which death is certain; the patient is in a vegetative state; the patient is permanently unconscious; or the patient has such an illness or injury from which patient is highly unlikely to recover. Thus, the Queensland regulation evidently kills an adult’s right to self-determination as the legislation shows more attachment towards the medical principle of sanctity of life. Davis (2009) argues that a look into the English law proves that the right to self-determination is given more importance than the principle of sanctity of life. In the case, Bland was in a vegetative state and the court allowed removal of life-supporting treatments to facilitate his death (ibid). However, in Queensland, an adu lt can fill advance health directive but it will operate only if it is in harmony with the common law. That means, in Queensland, for an advance health directive to operate, it should meet criteria like a sufficiently poor state of health, lack of prospects of recovery, and consistency with good medical practice. However, in other states, it is irrelevant to consider the fact that the adult would have lived for an extended period of time and made a full recovery if life-sustaining measures were given. In other words, if there is a valid AHD, the medical practitioner would not legally be allowed to provide such good medical practices which could prolong or save the life of the patient. Another important limitation, according to Willmott et al (2006) is that in Queensland, self-determination

Read and decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Read and decide - Essay Example Nevertheless, over 60 percent of UK residents are registered members of assorted libraries including local public or private libraries, educational institutions, and prisons in addition to enrolling online within their homesteads (EMAC, 2003). The Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) (2004) has underlined three major objectives including encouraging a reading culture and casual scholarship; access to ICT skills and facilities including government systems; and dealing with the socially neglected groups to integrate them into mainstream communal structures. Although reading is predominantly a private individual affair savouring varied verbal prose, it subsequently induces persons to seek sharing this pleasurable experience with others including friends, workmates or online friends, thus has enabled libraries that offer online access expanded reach as their clients or groups share the fantastic experience. Municipal authorities have been charged with the responsibility of operating and improving public libraries in the UK under the Public Libraries and Museums Act 1964. There were 4,759 permanent public libraries and 693 mobile units, in addition to 19,136 service areas stationed in diverse locations like health centres and jails all over Britain by 1997. These public libraries have served as a learning forum for communities with many people preferring them for obtaining information and study to universities hence the adage ‘universities in the streets’ (Bennett, 2001). To enhance ICT skills among the library patrons, most public libraries have established Open Learning Centres that engage staff who are able to impart knowledge to the unskilled patrons. Nonetheless, the Library Association has called for a formal standardised scheme to ensure the correct and appropriate skills are taught. This would

Trayvon Martin Essay Example for Free

Trayvon Martin Essay On February 26, 2012 Trayvon Martin died because George Zimmerman, a neighborhood watchman, shot him. Today many debate on how this happened. Did this happen because of racial issues or because of the Stand your ground law? Isaiah Muhammad explains in his article that Trayvon martin didn’t die due to the Stand Your Ground Law, he died because he was murdered for being a black guy with a hoodie on. Bill Cosby thinks otherwise, he believes that it had to do with the stand your ground law and the fact that Zimmerman had a gun. Although Bill Cosby has a valid point, the real issue in the Trayvon martin case is racism. Racism has caused the reason why Trayvon Martin is dead today. Geraldo Rivera appeared on FOX News to explain his views on the whole Trayvon Martin case. In his words he said â€Å"I think the hoodie is much responsible for Trayvon Martin’s death as George Zimmerman was†. Many were hurt by his opinion because how is one to say that the reason why a 17 year old teenager, going home from a liquor store with skittles, dies because he was wearing a hoodie? I’m sure if it was a white teenager with a hoodie, that would be a whole different opinion for Geraldo. Many don’t begin to understand how racism starts and Geraldo saying what he did, is the reason why there is racial discrimination ,still, today. As the NRA said â€Å"Guns aren’t the issue, it’s racism†, and I agree with this opinion. The NRA is national rifle association and they didn’t believe that it was the Stand your ground law that got trayvon Martin killed, it was the fact that theres so much racism going around that people end up getting hurt from that. They also believe that because of Zimmerman, people with guns are all the sudden bad people. The NRA says that â€Å"Guns don’t kill people, people kill people†, to emphasize that one shooting should not overshadow the fact that millions of people who own guns in the United States have never had a violent altercation. There’s more to this than just a gun, it’s the fact that we see people so different. My point is that, Zimmerman saw a black guy with a hoodie, and all the sudden pointed into one conclusion, that was; he’s up to no good. On the other hand, could it be because of the Stand Your Ground Law? Bill Cosby tells us his perspective by saying it had to do with the Stand Your Ground law, and it had nothing to do with racial discrimination. Bill Cosby made some valid points, he connected with his own life by telling us how his son died from a accident like this. He believes that guns are the issue here not racism. Bill Cosby says, What is solved by saying, Hes a racist. Thats why he shot the boy. What solves that? Cosby made some valid points to his argument on why he believes it’s to blame the guns not the race because at the end of the day it was a gun that killed Trayvon. Even that being said, I still begin to believe that it was because of race and that’s the real issue we need to focus on. So many would say that Bill Cosby has a valid point but doesnt Isaiah Muhammad bring up a more valid point? Isaiah behind to explain the difficulty of his memories as a teenager living in Los Angeles. In his blog he be Gibbs to say that there were so many altercations and racism. It bright him back to the time when LA had a huge riot because of what happened to Rodney King. He also explains how a teenage girl walked in a liquor store to buy something and the clerk , which is Asian, assumes shes there to steal. So the clerk starts to tell her things so the girl defends herself. Them the clerk shot her right in the head. Takes you back to the Trayvon Martin case, and we begin to ask why? The leading climax leads to racisim. In conclusion, ask yourself, how can we fix this racism mess as Americans? Weve tried but whether we like it or not , its always going to be around. Trayvon Martin was a tragedy but also a heads up to us. I was one to realize that not only is this a serious issue but we have to accept one another for us ,not our color. Nevertheless, yes Bill Cosby made some good arguments about the Stand Your Ground law being the main issue here , but Isaiahs point stood out there to me. Its one thing to call 911 because you feel uncomfortable with somebody but to assume right away that this 17 year old teenager ,who was black with a hoodie on, is up to no good, its just being racist.

Referring to your Wider Reading Essay Example for Free

Referring to your Wider Reading Essay By Comparing Extracts A, B and C and Referring to your Wider Reading, Examine how Typical in both Style and Treatment of Subject Matter these writings are of Literature from or about the First World War The experiences of men and women within the war differed drastically, due to the different roles played by each gender; women lacked knowledge of the trauma undergone by soldiers on the frontline, due to their lack of personal experience. However, there was not only contrast between men and women in their attitudes and view of the war: Depending on the nature of their involvement in the war, attitudes of women were many and varied, as were those of men. Written by Jessie Pope, a writer well-known for the propaganda portrayed by her poetry throughout the war, Whos for the Game? harbours an extremely motivational, patriotic tone. This is due to the fact that Pope was commissioned to write poems that would encourage young men to join up and fight for their country. As such, this poem illustrates Popes utilisation of certain literary techniques in order to rouse an arguably ill-founded passion inside young men to fight to defend their country. Popes use of rhetorical questions throughout this poem acts as a gripping device, and holds the attention of the reader; Whos for the game, the biggest thats played, The red, crashing game of a fight? Wholl give his country a hand? As well as demonstrating Popes use of rhetorical questions and the patriotism within her poetry, this quote also illustrates her technique of comparing the brutal war to a sports game, which is further supported by her statement; Wholl grip and tackle the job unafraid? in which sports terminology is utilised, in order to enable her target audience, the young men of the time, to relate to what is being said: Sports games were popular amongst boys of the early Twentieth Century, and by comparing the war to a such a game, Pope appeals to these boys. The above quote also demonstrates Popes technique of challenging the masculinity of the young men, as she implies that those who dont fight are cowards, again this is further developed by the statement; Who would much rather come back on a crutch Than lie low and be out of the fun? As she was ignorant of the brutality of the reality of war, Popes idealisation of, and her naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, patriotic approach to the war enraged many of those who were actively involved in the fighting. World War One poet, Wilfred Owen, particularly despised Pope for her habit of romanticising the aspects of war that she was ignorant of. He was in fact so passionate about his dislike for her that he directly addresses her, in Dulce et Decorum Est, when he states, If you could hearthe blood Come gargling from the froth corrupted lungs My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. Expressing a similar attitude to that of Pope, Marian Allen glorifies the war in her poem, The Wind on the Downs, in which she speaks of her inability to accept the death of a loved one. In support of this subject matter, a disbelieving, longing tone is conveyed, with a sense of naivety also conveyed by Pope in Whos for the Game. This naivety is present due to the lack of personal experience that these two writers have had of the brutal reality of the First World War. As Pope remained on the home front in order to write poetry for the newspapers, Allen was typical of many more women at the time of the war; she remained at home whilst her lover went to fight in the war, and consequently she had view of war that was such due to the propaganda portrayed by the media and writers such as Pope. Allens use of soft and endearing language develops this idea of Allen as a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve writer in terms of the War, as her failure to accept her lovers death is symbolic of her genuine ignorance to the nature of his death, and in fact life, whilst serving. The repetition of this denial towards her loss reinforces this point; You have not died, it is not true That you are round about me, I believe How should you leave me, having loved me so? It seemed impossible that you should die. That were introduced to the concept of his death through her line, Because they tell me, dear, that you are dead, carries with it an air of denial, due to her expression that she was told, and not that she actually believes it herself. The line would be much less effective had it said Because you are dead. Allens idealisation of her lover and his life in, and out of the war, may be due to the manner in which she received the news of his death, and how little of the truth she was told. This is a subject directly addressed by Siegfried Sassoon in The Hero, as he speaks of the gallant lies an officer had delivered to the mother of a soldier who had actually died a horrific death. It is portrayed by Allen that her and her lover thought of many things and spoke of few when he returned home on leave, thereby conveying that he found it difficult to speak of the truth to her. This seeming feeling of not being able to confide in anyone one the home front was common amongst soldiers in the First World War. R.C Sherriff demonstrates it in his play Journeys End through Stanhopes reluctance to take leave, and Susan Hill illustrates it through Hilliards emotional isolation from his family in Strange Meeting, as he cannot even speak to his sister of the nightmares he encounters whilst at home on leave. Had Allen known the honest nature of her lovers death, and life at war, she may have expressed a different view through this poem. Vera Brittain did gain an insight into the reality of what life must have been like for the men at war, through receiving her dead fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½s uniform via post. The refined view she adopted of the war was aided by the condition of the uniform; damp and worn and simply caked with mud, exhibiting the hole made by the bullet that killed him. These quotes are taken from Extract C, an extract from Letters from a Lost Generation. In this particular letter, Brittain is writing to her brother about the terrible ordeal of examining the uniform, an experience that proved to be somewhat revelatory for Brittain, as it was this following the loss of her fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ that spurred her to join up and become a V.A.D. Brittain composed this letter in 1916, which was a pivotal year within the war; a year in which many attitudes of those who previously supported the war were manipulated by its seeming newfound futility. Owen expresses in Futility, Was it for this the clay grew tall? which strongly conveys his view that the war became superfluous, and that the Earth did not develop to be destroyed in such a brutal, futile way. Siegfried Sassoon also made a famous declaration stating his opposition to the continuation of the War in 1917, as a result of events in 1916, such as the infamous Battle of the Somme. This declaration, and therefore Sassoons change of view towards the war is a component of Pat Barkers Regeneration. The form of a letter allows Brittain to utilise several literary techniques, such as varying sentence lengths and use of the five senses to create impact. Effective examples of blunt sentences used by Brittain are, It was terrible And No, they were not him. These two statements demonstrate how Brittain made use of short sentences in order to reflect the blunt, direct nature in which her realisation of the reality of war hit her. In contrast to these short sentences, Brittain displays many complex sentences in order to convey a vivid image of the scene of the uniform before her; The mud of France which covered them was not ordinary mud; it had not the usual clean, pure smell of earth, but it was as though it were saturated with dead bodies- dead that had been dead a long, long time. This sentence illustrates Brittains use of powerful adjectives, such as saturated, to strengthen her intended effect, and her application of the repletion of long, and dead, in order to emphasise certain factors of what she is conveying. Varying sentence lengths is not a facet of either Allens The Wind on the Downs or Popes Whos for the Game. This is due to these extracts taking the forms of poems, which makes it difficult for such a technique to be applied. However, Pope manages to exploit her chosen form of a poem in order to aid her purpose. She imposes a strong marching rhythm, which is supported by the typical ABAB rhyme scheme, thereby giving her poem a sense of soldiers marching to war, which can be perceived by the young men reading it. Similarly, Allen makes use of a regular rhyme scheme in order to give her poem fluidity and enhance the idealised depiction of death, which inevitably highlights Allens ignorance to the truth of conditions at war. Pope employs simple language and colloquialisms in her poem, due to its form and audience: As it appeared in a national newspaper, the audience was broad, and so the use of simple language meant the poem would appeal to everyone. The colloquialisms, such as lie low give his country a hand illustrate Popes ability to relate to her intended audience, as boys of the time would find this language common and therefore easy to relate to. The patriotism conveyed by Pope is also illustrated through the latter of the two colloquialisms above. This patriotic attitude was shared by Rupert Brooke, as is conveyed through his poem, The Soldier when he writes; A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam Brooke died of dysentery before carrying out any active service in the war, and therefore, he too was ignorant of the true conditions of life in the trenches. Thus, his poetry often illustrated naivety and patriotism, similar to others, like Pope and Allen, who were ignorant of the brutal reality of war. Through comparing these three texts we can consequently deduce that although one would assume women to have adopted a romantic view towards the act of fighting for ones country due to their lack of active involvement in the war, there were actually a range of views produced amongst women as a result of the first world war, expressed through their various pieces of literature.

Human Rights Essays Refugee Crises

Human Rights Essays Refugee Crises Are Refugee Crises inevitable in today’s world? Discuss by reference to UK examples? Human Rights. Refugee crises have increasingly become a problem in today’s modern day society. There are several reasons that have contributed to this situation namely global inequalities, people fleeing persecution and regimes, people fleeing from violence and outbreak of wars. Recent examples include the Kosovan refugees who were forced from their homes by the conflict with the Balkans; Columbian refugees on exile due to drug syndicates; genocide in Rwanda; Afghan, Iraq and Iran refugees fleeing regimes etcetera. The results of these are that many and thousands of refugees will seek protection from the Western society and their neighbouring countries. International aid efforts by individual countries and International voluntary organizations have been at the forefront in attempting to provide assistance. These efforts have sometimes been compromised and conditions for refugees have been seen to deteriorate as resources available sometimes exceed demand. The aim of most international Commu nities has been to ensure that they deliver effective protection and relief to all refugees. The role of the Red Cross as a voluntary relief organisation is to offer shelter and food to people who would otherwise be homeless. The United Kingdom saw an unexpected infiltration of Kosovan refugees, especially illegal immigrants and asylum seekers during the 1990s. Thousands of refugees were drawn to the Calais Port in France through to the Channel tunnel through the Euro tunnel and eventually to Britain. The renowned Sangatte camp was commandeered by the French Government to deal with the increasing number of Kosovan refugees arriving at Calais. Before the Sangatte camp was opened, refugees were sleeping on beaches, parks and on the streets. The sangatte camp was previously a warehouse for equipments during the construction of the Eurotunnel which was later converted into a camp to hold refugees. The effect of this was that many began to target the tunnel itself hiding and boarding trains heading for Britain and other European Countries. Mass illegal immigration began to the United Kingdom of which the Eurotunnel prevented 18, 500 of them from reaching Britain between January 2001 to June 2001. In January 20 01, gangs of Romanians were detained for tampering with railway signals to stop trains so that they and other asylum seekers could climb aboard the trains. A main consequence of the refugee situation which has aggravated a crises is the resultant clashes between ethnic groups amongst refugees example Afghan and Kurdish refugees. In April 2001, an Iraqi Kurd was stabbed and left to die when he was involved in a fight with other Kurds. In May 2002, a riot broke out at Sangatte Camp following announcements to tighten security due to problems caused by refugees at the Channel tunnel. The Red cross who were there to help refugees and provide assistance were eventually forced to withdraw from Sangatte and the Camp was eventually closed down by March 2003. Macaedonia and Albania were countries which have had to deal with an influx of refugees at some stage from Kosovo. Refugees continued to leave Kosovo for Macedonia, where there were received by host families. Relief efforts were made such provisions for camps etcetera. Lack of co-ordination and coherence caused by excessive numbers of refugees in Macedonia and Albania led to desperate overcrowding, unpleasant conditions, threats of diseases, and threats for the welfare of the refugees. Relocation and evacuation to neighbouring countries became inevitable. According to Mr Guy Goodwin-Gill, â€Å"refugees have come to be seen as objects or problems rather than individuals with rights†. The result of the refugee crises is that many countries particularly wealthy western societies seek to deter asylum seekers and migrants. Detention camps are becoming increasingly adopted. Similarly, Rachael Reilly conceded that â€Å"European Countries, as well as North America and Australia have systematically diluted their responsibilities towards refugees over the past ten to fifteen years†. Many also argue that the rights of refugees are being compromised and encroached upon due to factors, some of which include â€Å"offshore-processing† of refugees- a process in which foreign governments geographically closer to States with refugee crises take in those fleeing to Great Britain in exchange for financial compensation; imposition of visa requirements; refusal of entry of asylum seekers in cases of generalizes civil conflict such a s Columbia; the transfer of the responsibility for protection of refugees onto poorer States in Europe where less protection can be afforded. In June 2000, the UK proposed a major overhaul of the 1951 Refugee Convention. Measures and actions such as these lead to nationals of European Countries becoming increasingly xenophobic and hostile. Governments have also shown that they are more concerned with protecting their territories from the influx of immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees rather than human rights of those people. Some have argued that global economic systems and international debt creates a world where many are poor; conflict arises and human rights abuse is predominant. Globalisation increases the gap between the rich and the poor. Others argue that the problems are due in large part to the actions of developed states such as unethical foreign policy and arms trade. An innovative move by the United Nations is on the agenda for implementation. It will seek to respond to criticism on the slow reaction to refuge crises. The United Nations plan rapid reaction aid which will involve aid workers who will be deployed to attend refugee emergencies. The purpose of this is to provide some initial protection for civilians fleeing internal conflicts who are susceptible to violent attacks and killings. This move is being supported by the united Kingdom, United States of America and some Scandinavian countries. These countries are prepared to finance the project and get it up and running. The idea behind the project is to deter violence from the perpetrators who will know that their actions are being watched through the mere presence of the deployed workers. It is anticipated that a list of workers will be made available in ninety-six hours in these times of emergencies. The 1951 United Nation Convention on refugees is the key legal document in defining who is a refugee, explaining their rights and defining the legal obligation of states. The United Nations High Commisioner for refugees mandate is to provide international protection to refugees and facilitate solutions to the problems of refugees. This encompasses supervision and the application of the above-mentioned 1951 Convention. In conclusion, the trend for refugees seeking protection away from their homes is seen as a dilemma in some western states including Britain. There is a conscious effort to protect rights of these individuals but the difficulty arises where this has to be balanced with the right to protect its territory. Measures have been introduced which arguably encourage xenophobia and hostility to these refugees. Poorer neighbouring states, which were initially quite welcoming of refugees, are now being squeezed beyond capacity and their citizens are becoming increasingly xenophobic. National states and governments including international communities that aim to address the current trend of refugee crises are drawing up measures that are innovative. It has now been recognised that root causes such as poverty and global inequalities should be identified and corrected where possible prior to escalation to emergency situations leading to people fleeing their countries. Richer Countries in the West are seeking to address poverty in third world countries and summits on the topic are being held in order to come up with a long standing solution that will fundamentally serve to potentially benefit all nations as a whole. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ager, A, Refugees: Perspectives on the experience of forced migration: London (1999) Cassell Academic Danieli, Y., Rodley, N. Weisaeth, L. (Eds.) (1996). International responses to traumatic stress: Humanitarian, human rights, justice, peace and development contributions, collaborative actions and future initiatives. New York: Baywood Publishing Company. UNICEF UK NEWS REFUGEE ACTION PUBLICATIONS www.reuters.co.uk www.timesonline.co.uk

Customer Relationship Management Systems Education Essay

Customer Relationship Management Systems Education Essay Seeing that the companys business strategies turn out to be more customers based with the modification and personalize overhaul, the (IT) information technology are make use of not only to provide services and products within and business, but also to supply end-users of the organizations items for consumption and services. Specially, the manipulation of IT adjoins as a new aspect to relationship marketing, recognized as Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and at its interior, is about obtaining customer, providing services, knowing them well, and looks forward to their needs (L.Ryals and A. Payne.2001). Conventional marketing concentrated on the four Ps (price, place, product and promotion) for escalating market share from side to side increase in the quantity of transactions among the buyers and sellers. Although customer relationship management converge on using strategies, tolls and technology for encouragement the relationship among the seller and customer focusing on increas ing sales profits, procedures, customer satisfaction and profitability. However, to answer the core question I will cover up the following steps: The Main CRM Systems Definition of CRM (Customer Relationship Management) Advantage and Disadvantages of CRM with example And Conclusion The Main CRM Systems: Finnegan, (2007) defined CRM system as A CRM system is an information system that is used to plan, schedule and control the presales and post-sales activities in an organizations. CRM comprise all part of dealing with existing and potential customers: Sales, marketing and service or technical support etc. sometimes its call back office and front office systems because they are the edge with the customer. CRM systems are self-possessed of analytical and operational parts. Operational CRM The bellow diagram (figure-1) are shown based on the three basic parts of the CRM which contains SFA (sales force automation) Sales CRM entail assessment about telephone sales, web sales, retail store sails, and field sales; CSS (customer service and support) Service CRM entail customer conventional applications related to call centre data, web self-service data, and wireless data; And EMA (enterprise marketing automation) marketing CRM involves campaign data, content data and data analysis. Definition of Customer Relationship Management (CRM): According to core requirement and as an essential component of CRM we should make clear about what dose digital firm mean is. Keneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon (2007) defined digital firm as A digital firm is one where nearly all of the organizations significant business relationships with customers, suppliers and employees are digitally enables. However it is an interior business procedure are achieved in the course of digital networks across the whole organization or connecting numerous organizations. There are many definitions of CRM have been explicated and illuminate by different authors in different perspective. Pancucci (2002) observes that there are a number of definitions of CRM, even taking the regulation into the sphere of social science where the psychology, behaviour patterns of group of people, and socio-economic status are seen as vital manipulation of buying determination. Some are shown bellow: Gronroos, (1999) defined CRM is a direct outgrowth of the marketing Concept: he explained as; CRM is a commitment to simultaneously boost customer satisfaction and shareholders value by providing consistent, seamless, high-quality experiences for valued customer. Christopher, Payne and Ballantyne, (1991) defined CRM as it is the integration of customer service quality and marketing, which has as its concern the dual focus of getting and keeping customer. Strauss and Frost, (2001) defined CRM as it is a holistic process of identifying, attracting, differentiating and retaining customer. Grtner Group, (1999) CRM is a discipline a philosophy even that requires business to recognise and nurture their relationship with customers. With CRM, an individual customers needs and preferences are available to anyone in the business working at the customer interface, regardless of channel. Each customer is treated as an individual in a relationship that feels like one-to-one. However, idea behind the CRM is set up individual association with customers, pleasuring different customers in a different way based on the information acquired on their favourites, first choices, and spending blueprints; activates a business executes to identify, develop, acquire, and retain increasingly profitable and loyal customers by delivering the exact product or service, to the exact customers at the right time, through the precise channel, and the right cost in the store planning and supply chain roles through business procedure automation, technology solution and information possessions to make the most every customer contact. Advantages of Customer Relationship Management (CRM): Customer relationship management helps the business firms which have determined to implement CRM strategy can facilitate with numbers of following advantages: Build up customer retention and loyalty: Customer loyalty can be defined according to Mcllroy and Barnet (2000) as customers commitment to do business with a particular organisation, purchasing their goods and services repeatedly, and recommending the services and products to friends and associated. Therefore, the core benefits of the customer retention and loyalty are build up long term relationship and guide eventually to boost profits and sales, making intellect of belonging, in the opinion of Uncles (1994) according to consumer loyalty programmes apprehension is willing to innovate on behalf of customers, a feeling that the vendor is get ready to listen, is caring and concerned and consideration methods. The effect we can recognize as a retention and loyalty is an important aspect for customer relationship management; according to Byrom (2001) there are more than 150 loyalty schemes and approximately 40 million loyalty cards in the UK. For example Tesco loyalty Club-card, introduce 1995 was to offer as benefits to regular shoppers whilst helping the company discover more about its customer needs (Tesco, 2004). The achievement of Tesco Club-card had been successful and famous in the grocery world as Smith, (2004) according to Club-card achievement rating a third of UK homes use the program. Improved Customer acquisition Rates: Customer acquisition is an idiom used to explain the tactics and systems to manage customer viewpoint and inquiry typically allocate to the organizations to enumerate the effectiveness of consequence to choice of promotional activities through out the customer lifecycle. However, customer acquiring rate helps to the organizations with follow up customer relationship management (CRM) opportunity for cross-selling, repeat purchasing, up-selling and generating advanced revenue growth. For example Tesco Personal Finance (TPF) reached acquisition rates December 2008 for cash consideration of around 950m pound and acquire 6m Tesco Finance Customer accounts with successfully followed by customer relationship management. (Andrew Higginson, 2008) Improve Cross Selling and up-selling: Cross selling refers to selling things that are correlated or can be included with the items being sold. And up selling is the techniques of offering customers a product in supplement to the product are presently purchasing. For example if they sell digital mobile, it makes sense to propose linked products to their customer: more long life battery, cover, charger etc. or if they are up sell to their customer they can offer nearly anything in supplement to the items customers are previously paying attention. However, it is encourage to customer to come again in the store with buying intention to time, and enhance to making long term relationship as a part of customer relationship management activity. Boost the contract or Call centre effectiveness: Taylor and Bain (1999) has been defined call centre as it is a dedicated operation with employees focused entirely on customer service functions, employees are using telephone and computer simultaneously, and where call process controlled and processed by an automatic distribution system. There has been coherent recent expansion in call centre overhaul world-wide, with the call centre of the contemporary expected to advance into the customer admittance centre of the future, and providing a new economical basis for various organizations. The activity and effectiveness of a call centre are gaining customer orientation, service priority, growth of turnover, and contribute completely on the customer service function. For example UK largest mobile networking company o2 has given responsibly to maintain customer service activity through various call centres such as: Active Business Communication call centre, Active Digital call centre, Aerial call centre and so on(www.o2.co.uk [accessed-16/01/10]). And they are determined to give excellent customers feedback on-behalf of o2 mobile network to maintain good customer relation. However, customer relationship management has being bearing a great advantage for boost the contract or call centre effectiveness with the entrepreneur and standard customer service. Deliver a single, knowledgeable view of the customer: A stream advantages for a company bring out by following customer relationship management system are identifying and target the superlative customers and generation of eminence of excellence directed for the sales force, create management of sales and marketing crusades more effectual by setting precise goals, established characteristics relationships with the customers with the vision to make the most firms profits and progress customer satisfaction, Understanding the desires of employees and uphold a sound co-relationship with them. Disadvantages of Customer Relationship Management System (CRM): Not only CRM system has advantages so far it can be such a limitation as follows: High Software Cost: For the most part situation insist software support for customer relationship management matter but the cost of such software is usually elevated. For example Wendy Close, research director at Stamford, Conn.-based Garthner Inc., allocated the cost for most favourite SIEBAEL CRM software at $16000 to $25000 per user, a amount that includes software, training, services and hardware. However, this cost might not be affordable where fewer number of seats and not having frequently economies of scale convey the price down to $12000 for each user. (www.searchcrm.techtarget.com ) [Accessed-16/01/10] Handling Data: It is not easy to cope with ins and outs of data warehousing and data disfigurement technologies. It entails a lot of historical data to scrutiny analysis and study the tapping of information up-and-coming out of it. For example the article says on regard Tesco Data Swapping with Oil of Olay and raises a big question This is going to be big, and not just in fast moving consumer goods. Alan Mitchell (2002) Not Easy to Process: The assessment of CRM process and its functioning is not an easy mission. It requires multidimensional performance, and multifactor customer behaviour which are difficult to characterize. Even if they are described in some situation mostly score card or in metric format, which is often difficult to practise and understand them. A survey found that conducted by research and advisory firm Gartner (Zimmer, 2006) more than half of the organizations who have implemented the CRM have difficulties after implementation. According Pries, C. Stone, M. (2004) Aberdeen Group CRM Spending and Satisfaction report (February, 2003) identified that on a user ranged among of somehow satisfied and satisfied range from one (not satisfied) and to five (completely satisfied) which are depends on Area/ location. Approaches of past buying behaviour of consumer mightnt be same in the future too! : Majority of CRM move towards with collect data on the past purchasing behaviour of customer and undertaking it as the probable behaviour in further too. This could be an immoral supposition in a number of perspectives. Customer constrains keep on shifting and varies upon the criticality of the purpose and the level of disappointment with the existing alternatives. For example, an article report says Tesco broadband dissatisfaction rate due to poor customer service and experience 2009 churn rates of around 20% per annum. However the 20% are used to regular customer of Tesco. (www.phone-shop.tesco.com/latest-news) [Accessed-17/01/10] Conclusion: Nevertheless in the end of the report it is explicable that, In spite of that, the customer relationship management has become a maximum priority for numerous of companies. Bohling et al. (2006) comments on journal of CRM implementation as; in many competitive markets, business invest substantially in CRM implementation lately though, companies have become increasingly displeased with customer relationship management apply, as the majority of them are falling short of the expectations that precede them and are therefore considered failures. Conversely, though it has being first prioritized for many companies but not all companies are being success based on compare to advantage and disadvantages of customer relationship management in digital firms. Kumar and shah (2008) argued that CRM offers firm strategic benefits, such as greater customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Anders (1996) comments as it is a higher response cross-selling efforts and better word-of-mouth publicity. However, though some disadvantages and argument has been placed but it is should be remind that CRM assists a company concentrate on the customer as an assets side by side consumers are not forced to by necessity in the same organization. Many companies waste a lot of money obtain new customers and squander it by failing to acquire to know and comprehend their customer, retain and keep in handle with them. Therefore, Company should setup CRM system based on allow to customers to handle their relationship with multiple suppliers rather than the other way encompassing. Bibliography: L. Ryals, and A. Payne, (2001) Customer relationship management in financial services: towards information enabled relationship marketing, journal of strategic marketing, vol.9, pp. 4-27. Anderson, Eugene W. (1996) customer satisfaction and price tolerance, marketing letters, vol.7. (July), pp.265-74 Kumar, V. (2008), managing customer for profit. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing. -and Denish Shah (2004), building and sustaining profitable customer loyalty for the 21st Century, Journal of Retailing, 80 (4), pp.317-30 T.Bohling, D.Bowman, S.Lvalle, V.Mittal, G. Ramani et al. (2006), CRM implementation: Effective issues and insights, Journal of Service Research 9 (2), pp.184-194. Performance of Customer Relationship Management with Diagram http://www.kssi.ae.wroc.pl/~mowoc/Dydaktyka/MIS/Lect5.pdf [Accessed- 09/01/10] Strauss, J. Frost, R. (2001), E-marketing. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Gronroose, C. (1999). Relationship marketing: Challenges for the organization. Journal of Business Research, vol.46, pp.327-355. Gartner Group, (1999), defining CRM: available at : C. Pries M. Stone (2004) Managing CRM implementation with consultants- CRM or change management?, journal of change management, vol.4, No.4, (December), pp.352-370 Christopher, M. Payne, A. and Ballantyne, D. (1991) Relationship Marketing- bringing quality, Customer Service, and marketing together, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., Oxford. Keneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon (2007) managing the digital firm, 9th edi. Upper saddle river, NJ: Prentice Hall. Finnegan, D Willcocks, L (2007) Implementing CRM: from technology to knowledge, jhon willy and sons LTD. Wet Sussex, England. Mcllroy, A., Barnett, S. (2000), building customer relationships: do discount card works? managing the service quality, Vol. 10 no. 6. Pp.347-55 Uncles, M. (1994) Do you or your customer need a loyalty scheme?, journal of Targeting, measurement and analysis for marketing, vol. 2 no.4, pp.335-50 Byrom, J. (2001) the role of loyalty card data within local marketing initiatives, international journal of Retiling Distribution Management, vol. 29 No. 7.pp.333-42 Tesco, (2004), Corporate information, p. 1-3 available at: www.tescocorporate.com [accessed-17/01/2010] Smith, J. (2004), Every little helps, The Ecologist, vol. 34 No.7, pp.1-9 Higginson, A (2008), can Tosco really offer the same value as my bank, p.1-4 available at: www.tescoplc.com/annualreport09/storage/pdf/retailing_services.pdf [accessed- 17/01/10] O2 Centre of excellent partner- http://www.o2.co.uk/sme/whyo2/o2partners/excellence-centre [accessed-16/01/10] Taylor, P. and Bain, P. (1999), An assembly line in the head: work and employee relations in the call centre, Industrial Relations Journal, vol. 30 No. 2, pp. 101-17 Cost of Siebel CRM software: http://searchcrm.techtarget.com/tip/Siebel-CRM-software-costs [accessed- 16/01/10] Alan Mitchell (2002), Can company affords to share CRM schemes? p.1-1 available at www.marketlocation.com [accessed-14/01/10] Zimmer, J. (2006), Be ready to take the heat, Destination CRM, Viewpoint available at : www.destinationcrm.com [accessed-14/01/10] Tesco Telecom, cable warless: (November, 2009), available at: http://phone-shop.tesco.com/latest-news/Tesco%20Telecoms%20CW%20release%20FINAL.pdf [accessed: 17/01/10] Pries, C. Stone, M. (2004), Managing CRM implementation with consultants- CRM or change management problem with CRM implementation, journal of change management vol. 4. No.4, pp.350-370.